Meaning
Strategic distribution of the liquid assets required for the daily operations of a business involves balancing the needs of inventory, accounts receivable, prepayments and accounts payable. This working capital allocation ensures that a firm has enough cash to meet its short term obligations while maintaining enough flexibility to pursue new opportunities. It measures the efficiency of the cash conversion cycle and highlights where capital is being trapped in unproductive parts of the supply chain.
The process stops applying to a specific fund once it is committed to a long term capital expenditure or returned to shareholders.
Operational Efficiency
Optimization of the cash flow cycle allows a company to grow without requiring external financing for every new project. When working capital allocation is handled correctly, the person in the manager seat can fund expansion through the improved management of existing resources. This requires a constant focus on the timing of payments and the speed of collections from customers.
The cost of failure is a liquidity crisis that can force a company into an emergency loan or a fire sale of assets.
Managerial Load
Monitoring the movement of cash through the various stages of production takes up a large portion of the leadership’s attention. A founder moving into a more strategic role must delegate the details of working capital allocation to a trusted financial officer. However, the founder still carries the ultimate responsibility for the solvency of the firm and must spend hours reviewing the cash flow statements.
This oversight is necessary to ensure that the operational team is not being too aggressive or too conservative with the money.
Growth Capacity
Availability of ready cash determines the speed at which a company can respond to a sudden increase in demand or a new competitor. The long term health of the organization depends on the disciplined recycling of cash through the business.